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ADDIE - Instructional Design Model

Background information
Leshin et. Al. in 1992 labeled instructional design as instructional system development, in which an individual completes an ordered set of activities in order to develop instructional system. There are three basic models employed in instructional design: the cognitive model, the instructional systems design model and the constructivist model.

ADDIE Model

Instructional Systems Design (ISD) is a process to ensure learning does not occur in a haphazard manner, but is developed using a process with specific measurable outcomes. The responsibility of the instructional designer is to create an instructional experience, which ensures that the learners will achieve the goals of instruction. The ADDIE model is a generic, systematic approach to the instructional design process, which provides instructional designers with a framework in order to make sure that their instructional products are effective and that their creative processes are as efficient as they can possibly be.

ADDIE stands for:

  1. Analyze: define the needs and constraints
  2. Design: specify learning activities, assessment and choose methods and media
  3. Develop: begin production, formative evaluation, and revise
  4. Implement: put the plan into action
  5. Evaluate: evaluate the plan from all levels for next implementation

Each phase of the ADDIE model is an important element of the instructional design process. In each phase, the instructional designer makes decisions that are critical for ensuring the effectiveness of the instructional experience. The ADDIE model is comprised of the following phases:

ADDIE Phases

References:

Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction (4th Ed.). New York: Haper Collins College Publishers.

Leshin, C. B., Pollock, J., & Reigeluth, C. M. (1992). Instructional Design Strategies and Tactics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Education Technology Publications.

West, C., Farmer, J., & Wolff, P. (1991). Instructional Design Implications From Cognitive Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Pretice Hall.

Kemp, J. E., Morrison, G. R., & Ross, S. M. (1998). Designing Effective Instruction (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.